Monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Cebus apella) and Human Adults and Children (Homo sapiens) Enumerate and Compare Subsets of Moving Stimuli Based on Numerosity
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چکیده
(2011). Monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Cebus apella) and human adults and children (Homo sapiens) enumerate and compare subsets of moving stimuli based on numerosity. Frontiers in Psychology, 2:61. Within the set of studies that involve judgments between sets of stimuli, however, there must be a distinction made between those studies that require animals to discriminate the number of items from those studies that afford other stimulus properties that could successfully guide performance. For example, many studies have used homogeneous food items as the stimuli to be discriminated and this allows the animal to make the quantity judgment using the total amount of stimuli rather than the number of stimuli. Other studies control for non-numerical properties, so that quantity judgments must be made on the basis of the number of items in sets, and some species succeed in these tests showing that their judgments are truly numerical and could be rightly called numerousness judgments (e. In some cases, the numerical processing of non-human animals has been directly compared to that of humans on the same task. For example, monkeys and human children have shown some similarities in the way they process numerical stimuli in a bisection task, in which they had to classify stimuli as being of large or small numbers (Jordan and Brannon, 2006b; Beran et al., 2008). Humans and monkeys also show similarities in their ordinal sequencing of stimuli based on numerical properties (e.g., Cantlon and Brannon, 2006). They show semantic congruity effects where they are faster to choose the correct response when there is congruity between the task rule (such as " choose smaller " or " choose larger ") and the magnitude of the choice sets (small or large numbers of dots; see
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Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta and Cebus Apella) and Human Adults and Children (Homo Sapiens) Compare Subsets of Moving Stimuli Based on Numerosity
Two monkey species (Macaca mulatta and Cebus apella) and human children and adults judged the numerousness of two subsets of moving stimuli on a computer screen. Two sets of colored dots that varied in number and size were intermixed in an array in which all dots moved in random directions and speeds. Participants had to indicate which dot color was more numerous within the array. All species p...
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